Ikwerre language

Ikwerre Àtụ:Infobox Language/pronunciation
Spoken in:	Rivers state, Nigeria
Total speakers:	1.2 million
Language family:	Nnijer–Kongo; Atlantic–Congo; Volta–Niger; Àtụ:Sm; Igboid; IkwerreÀtụ:Infobox Language/script
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	none
ISO 639-2:	—
ISO 639-3:	ikw Àtụ:Infobox Language/IPA

Ikwerre, nke akpokwara dika Ikwere, bu asusu igboid nke ndi Ikwerre bi na Steeti Rivers, Nigeria .

Nhazi

Ejiri asụsụ Ikwerre dika olumba igbo. Nkewa Ikwerre dịka olumba ndi igbo n’agbanyeghi bu okwu esemokwu n’etiti ufodu ndị obodo Ikwerre n’ihi ihe ndorondoro ochịchị. Dabere na nyocha lexicostatistical nyocha, Kay Williamson kwusiri ike na asụsụ Ikwerre, Ekpeye, Ogba, Etche na asụsụ Igbo bụ otu ụyọkọ asụsụ ahụ, mana ha abụghị olumba. ^[1] Ihe omumu nke Williamson na Roger Blench mere nchịkota ha kwubiri na asusu Igbo, Ikwerre, Ogba na asusu ndi nwanyi ha wezuga onwe ha na Ekpeye bu “ngwungwu asusu” ma na ha nwere nghota . ^[2] O nwere ihe n’egosi na ndi Ikwerre na-asụ asụsụ abuo ọbụlagodi na Naịjirịa tupu chịrị, ebe ndị mmadụ na-asụ asụsụ Igbo ndị ọzọ na Ikwerre. ^[3]

Fọnọlọji

Ikwerre na-amata ụdaume site na ịdị mma (ihu na ịdị elu), ọnụnọ ma ọ bụ enweghị nasalization, yana ọnụnọ ma ọ bụ enweghị nke mgbọrọgwụ ire dị elu .

		N'ihu	Azụ
Elu	+ ATR	i ĩ	u ũ
Elu	RR	ɪ ɪ̃	ʊ ʊ̃
Etiti	+ ATR	e ẽ	o õ
Etiti	RR	ɛ ɛ̃	ɔ ɔ̃
Ala	RR	a ã

E nwekwara udaume * /ə̃/ nke a na-etinye iji kọwaa ụda olu nke syllabic na akaụntụ nke asụsụ nke kwuru na Ikwerre enweghị nkwụsị imi. A na-ada ụda a dị ka [ɨ̃] ma ọ bụ nịịlọn syllabic nke na- emetụta ụdaume na-eso mgbechiume

Ndakorita ụdaume

Ikwerre na-egosipụta ụdị nkwekọrịta ụdaume abụọ :

Mkpụrụ ụdaume ọ bụla dị n’okwu Ikwerre, ewepụ ole na ole, na-ekwenyere ụdaume ndị ọzọ dị n’okwu ahụ banyere ọnụnọ ma ọ bụ enweghị mkpọrọgwụ nke ire dị elu .
Udaume di otu elu na nkeji okwu a gha agha aghaghi ibu iru ma obu azu, ya bu na abuo /i/ & /u/, /ɪ/ & /ʊ/, /e/ & /o/, na /ɛ/ & /ɔ/ enweghị ike ime na nkeji nkeji. Otú ọ dị, ụda olu dị iche iche dị iche iche ekwesịghị ikwekọ maka ihu / azụ. Nke a emetụtaghị ụdaume nke mbụ na aha na-amalite site na ụdaume ma ọ bụ site na /ɾ/, ọ naghị emetụta mkpụrụ okwu onomatopoeic.

Mgbochiume

		Bilabial	Ime ụlọ	Alveolar	Postalveolar </br> ma ọ bụ palatal	Velar		Glottal
		Bilabial	Ime ụlọ	Alveolar	Postalveolar </br> ma ọ bụ palatal	Gburugburu	Ebupụtara	Gburugburu	Ebupụtara
Oke </br> ma ọ bụ ka njọ	Enweghị olu	p		t	tʃ	k	kʷ
Oke </br> ma ọ bụ ka njọ	Olu	b		d	dʒ	ɡ	ɡʷ
Esemokwu	Enweghị olu		f	s
Esemokwu	Olu		v	z
Nkwụsịghị nkwụsị	Olu	ḅ~m
Nkwụsịghị nkwụsị	Ekewapụrụ	ʼḅ~ʼm
Kpatụ				ɾ~ɾ̃
Nkebi				l~n	j~j̃	ɰ~ɰ̃	w~w̃	h~h̃	hʷ~h̃ʷ

okwu onu mgbechiume [ḅ ʼḅ l ɾ j ɰ w h hʷ] na eme tupu okwu onu udaume, na ndiya okpokpo chi [m ʼm n ɾ̃ ȷ̃ ɰ̃ w̃ h̃ h̃ʷ] tupu ofufu udaume. "ndi na agbawa agbawa na akwusi" [ḅ ʼḅ] abughi plosives (o bughi pulmonic), na eghita implosives na ihe ndi ngwarangwara Igbo.

The tap /ɾ/ mgbe ufodu enwetaghi na nkebi [ɹ].

.Da

Ikwerre bu asusu tonal nwere uda asa: nke di elu, nke di n’etiti, nke di ala, nke di ala, nke di n’etiti, nke etiti na-ada na ibili. Ikwerre nwekwara ụda ụda. Ọmụmaatụ: rínyā̀ (elu, ala-ala ọdịda) pụtara "ibu, arọ", rìnyâ (obere, ala-ada ada) pụtara "nwanyi, nwunye", mụ̌ (na-ebili) pụtara "ịmụ", mụ̂ (elu-ala ịda) pụtara "ịmụ nwa", wdg.

Agbirigba

Ikwerre nwere ihe di iche-iche, ma obu cant, Agbirigba, nke putara igbochi nghota nke ndi anaputa.

Ntughari

↑ Williamson (1974). ODUMA: The Lower Niger Languages. Rivers State Council of Arts & Culture, Port Harcourt.
↑ Williamson (2000). African languages: an introduction. Cambridge University Press.
↑ Kelechukwu U. Ihemere (2007). A Tri-Generational Study of Language Choice & Shift in Port Harcourt. Universal-Publishers, 28–35. ISBN 9781581129588.

Clements, George N. (2005). "Nasal harmony in Ikwere, a language with no phonemic nasal consonants". Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 26 (2): 165–200. DOI:10.1515/jall.2005.26.2.165.
Williamson (1970). Reading and writing Ikwerre. Ibadan: Institute of African Studies.

[1] Williamson (1974). ODUMA: The Lower Niger Languages. Rivers State Council of Arts & Culture, Port Harcourt.

[2] Williamson (2000). African languages: an introduction. Cambridge University Press.

[ihemere-3] Kelechukwu U. Ihemere (2007). A Tri-Generational Study of Language Choice & Shift in Port Harcourt. Universal-Publishers, 28–35. ISBN 9781581129588.

[1]

[2]

[3]